![]() In this position, the upper and lower jaw are fixated with the use of bars and elastics placed around the teeth. Closed reduction is a procedure during which the teeth are placed into the preoperative bite position. There are two ways of treating fractures of the lower jaw.ġ. The patient must receive pre and postoperative nutritional instructions. Antibiotics are necessary in cases of compound fractures. Any dental injuries must be treated at the same time if possible. The treatment is not performed as an emergency procedure. In cases of a broken lower jaw, the patient’s general physical status must be carefully evaluated and monitored. Except that, a lower jaw fracture may be associated with other facial fractures. Any part of the jaw may break, and the insult may be associated with dentoalveolar injuries as well. When dealing with isolated dental injuries, after the initial consultation with the surgeon, the patient will be referred to the appropriate dental specialists for further treatment.Ī severe impact to the area of the lower face may result in a fractured lower jaw. In cases of alveolar process fractures, in which the bone-teeth unit is displaced, the patient will have to undergo a reduction and splinting by the surgeon. Teeth restorations, teeth immobilization, root canals, resign splints, are done by general dentists, pediatric dentists, orthodontists, endodontists, prosthodontists, accordingly.įrequently the patient will be initially seen by a maxillofacial surgeon, to rule out any additional skeletal injuries, or to repair intraoral lacerations. In most of the cases, injuries of the dentoalveolar complex are treated by our dental colleagues. Concussion to the tooth supporting structures. ![]() Among other general causative reasons, they may be encountered in the pediatric population as a result of child abuse. They can be isolated or associated with multisystem injuries. Information regarding signs and symptoms, as well as the treatment options regarding different types of facial injuries, is provided below:ĭentoalveolar injuries refer to damage to the teeth, the gingiva, or the supporting structures. Plain radiographs may be useful, but in most cases, a Computed Tomography of the head will be obtained. Radiographic examination is usually necessary to rule out or confirm the diagnosis, as well as for preoperative evaluation and treatment planning. The physician will make a clinical evaluation regarding the overall physical condition as well as the relevant signs and symptoms. In cases of Le Fort fractures, the midface may move relative to the rest of the face or skull.Ī thorough history regarding the nature of the event must be obtained. People with mandibular fractures often have pain and difficulty in opening their mouths and may have numbness in the lip and chin. Asymmetry can suggest facial fractures or damage to nerves. Deformity in the face, for example, a sunken cheekbone or teeth which do not align properly, suggests the presence of fractures. Nasal fractures may be associated with deformity of the nose, as well as swelling and bruising. Fractures of the nose, the base of the skull, or maxilla may be associated with profuse nosebleeds. Fractures of facial bones may be associated with pain, bruising, and swelling of the surrounding tissues although such symptoms can occur in the absence of fractures as well. In cases of skeletal injuries, clinical signs are depended on the fractured bone(s). The history given by the patient or the peers, combined with the visible result of the impact, make the diagnosis obvious. In cases of soft tissue trauma, the clinical signs are, most of the times, evident. Traumatic injuries to the Frontal SinusĬlinical presentation of facial injuries can vary considerably, depending on the facial structure involved.Fractures of the Zygomatic complex and arch.Trauma to the Temporomandibular joint region.Lacerations (simple, stellate, Flap-like).The mechanism, as well as the force of the injury, plays a key role in the severity of the wound.įacial injuries are classified into two major categories: Motor vehicle accidents, interpersonal violence, self-inflicting wounds, sports injuries, burns, falls, work-related accidents, animal attacks, gunshots and blasts, are some of the causes related to facial trauma.įacial injuries can vary from a simple bruising due to a mild hit, to a panfacial trauma. It can present as an isolated injury or a fraction of the total injuries regarding a polytrauma patient. Although absolute numbers may be lately declining, it is the leading cause of death among teenagers and young adults.įacial trauma is defined as any injury involving the hard and soft tissues of the face. It results in disfigurement, disability, or death. Trauma is one of the most serious healthcare problems.
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